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Abraham Gray is mentioned as among the Pilgrim refugees at Leyden, [38] William met the invasion by dividing his forces into two groups. [114] Roger and Waltheof were kept in prison, where Waltheof was executed in May 1076. Known as 'William the Bastard' to his contemporaries, his illegitimacy shaped his career when he was young. Later English sources stated that Harold had been elected as king by the clergy and magnates of England. I have therefore made yet another attempt the produce the Descendants of William the Conqueror in text . His marriage to Matilda appears to have been quite affectionate, and there are no signs that he was unfaithful to her unusual in a medieval monarch. [96] By March, William was secure enough to return to Normandy, but he took with him Stigand, Morcar, Edwin, Edgar, and Waltheof. Norwich was besieged and surrendered, with the garrison allowed to go to Brittany. Although Odo remained in confinement for the rest of William's reign, his lands were not confiscated. Not an insignificant sum!! Northumberland persuaded the sickly Edward VI to name Lady Jane Grey as his heir just before his death on 6 July 1553. life and of her heroic death will long illuminate the pages of one of the Edward was ailing, and he died on 5 January 1066. Edward Gray, son of John of Stapleford, the progenitor of this branch In modern times they have contributed poets, statesmen He decisively defeated and killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. In 1064 William invaded Brittany in a campaign that remains obscure in its details. Robert was accused by some writers of killing Richard, a plausible but now unprovable charge. of John included John Lord Grey of Groby who married Elizabeth Wydville, The early castles were simple earth and timber constructions, later replaced with stone structures. The peerage of Scotland: containing an historical and genealogical William the Conqueror Details individual; ruler; French; British; Male. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose. William of Jumiges claimed that Harold was killed by the duke. [130] William was known for his love of hunting, and he introduced the forest law into areas of the country, regulating who could hunt and what could be hunted. Rolf, Rollo or Raoul (son of Rognwald, Jarl of Mori in Norway) invaded [133][u] Government was still centred on William's household; when he was in one part of his realms, decisions would be made for other parts of his domains and transmitted through a communication system that made use of letters and other documents. Gray Family Name History - g r a y c a s t l e . c o m [109] William returned to England later in 1075 to deal with the Danish threat, leaving his wife Matilda in charge of Normandy. baptized November 25, 1610, buried January 20, 1621. William was the son of the Norman Duke Robert the Magnificent and the unnamed daughter of a tanner. It seems that a British soldier [135] Coinage across his domains continued to be minted in different cycles and styles. Not all of the Normans who accompanied William in the initial conquest acquired large amounts of land in England. [140][w], The immediate consequence of William's death was a war between his sons Robert and William over control of England and Normandy. Another Tiverton Gray, Pardon Gray was active during the war also. Sam [100] William's half-brother Odo perhaps expected to be appointed to Canterbury, but William probably did not wish to give that much power to a family member. http://members.aol.com/rinewpor/famhist.html. The tomb has been disturbed several times since 1087, the first time in 1522 when the grave was opened on orders from the papacy. http://members.aol.com/rinewpor/famhist.html. of Gray have sprung, (IV) William de Grey and (V) Henry de Grey. Edgar, having lost much of his support, fled to Scotland,[98] where King Malcolm III was married to Edgar's sister Margaret. Gray was one of William the Conquerors companions in arms at the battle [80], After defeating Harald Hardrada and Tostig, Harold left much of his army in the north, including Morcar and Edwin, and marched the rest south to deal with the threatened Norman invasion. He of Lisle, the Earl of Stamford, the Marquis of Dorset, and the Duke of Another consequence of William's invasion was the sundering of the formerly close ties between England and Scandinavia. He also allowed his son Robert Curthose to do homage to the new Count of Anjou, Geoffrey the Bearded. His conquest had major implications for the history of both regions, from displacing much of the pre-Conquest Anglo-Saxon nobility to reshaping the English language.. William's early life. The Grays in Ireland, usually [f] One of Herleva's brothers, Walter, became a supporter and protector of William during his minority. W. Gray. himself there. He made arrangements for the governance of England in early 1067 before returning to Normandy. Mrs Thomas Houghton (Born 1551) 5775 People 13 Records 25 Sources. By 1509 an Edward Grey was one of only three remaining powerful there were at least twenty different families of Grays, or different branches Pardon was a grandson of Edward of Tiverton add very active in town government The Grays were not restored to their rights and court favor until the Waltham Abbey, which had been founded by Harold, later claimed that his body had been secretly buried there. [97], In 1068 Edwin and Morcar revolted, supported by Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria. Thomas, baptized July 16, 1620 (no further mention). William I the Conqueror King of England (1028-1087) FamilySearch In 1058, William invaded the County of Dreux and took Tillires-sur-Avre and Thimert. [132], Besides taxation, William's large landholdings throughout England strengthened his rule. But William was not finished; he marched over the Pennines during the winter and defeated the remaining rebels at Shrewsbury before building Chester and Stafford Castles. [46][k] The marriage was important in bolstering William's status, as Flanders was one of the more powerful French territories, with ties to the French royal house and to the German emperors. William then laid siege to Gerberoi in January 1079. Edward was a leading citizen and William becomes King of England. Most were constructed from earth and timber, but work had also begun on great stone towers in . Although a mere two or three days' ride away at Abbeville, Robert did not attend William's deathbed or funeral. By the time of William's death in 1087, around 500 castles had been built across England and Wales. [56] Another important appointment was that of William's half-brother, Odo, as Bishop of Bayeux in either 1049 or 1050. no trace to follow. This was the last invasion of Normandy during William's lifetime. de Gray, (III) John from whom the most illustrious branches of the house Scotland in the reign of Alexander II, (about 1130), and gave his allegiance Towns were listed separately. William the Conqueror. [84], The battle began at about 9am on 14 October and lasted all day, but while a broad outline is known, the exact events are obscured by contradictory accounts in the sources. Whatever Edward's wishes, it was likely that any claim by William would be opposed by Godwin, Earl of Wessex, a member of the most powerful family in England. Modern historians have come to the conclusion that the New Forest depopulation was greatly exaggerated. Surprising Facts: 1066, William The Conqueror And The - HistoryExtra found in. During the Bretons' flight, rumours swept through the Norman forces that the duke had been killed, but William succeeded in rallying his troops. This band of young men went to the castle at Remalard, where they proceeded to raid into Normandy. [73][m] King Harald Hardrada of Norway also had a claim to the throne as the uncle and heir of King Magnus I, who had made a pact with Harthacnut in about 1040 that if either Magnus or Harthacnut died without heirs, the other would succeed. Members (or Croy as some write), in Picardy, their patrimony before the Conquest.". [2], Throughout the summer, William assembled an army and an invasion fleet in Normandy. According to the historian David Bates, this probably means that little of note happened, and that because William was on the continent, there was nothing for the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to record. near the throne. This Edward was a farmer and active in civic affairs. [109], Earl Ralph had secured control of the castle at Dol, and in September 1076 William advanced into Brittany and laid siege to the castle. [66], In England, Earl Godwin died in 1053 and his sons were increasing in power: Harold succeeded to his father's earldom, and another son, Tostig, became Earl of Northumbria. William the Conqueror - Wikipedia Gytha Thorkelsdttir, Harold's mother, offered the victorious duke the weight of her son's body in gold for its custody, but her offer was refused. She was a nobody, likely the daughter of a tanner and far, far below his father's station. So I'm related to William the Conqueror - and David Cameron William also ordered that all of his prisoners be released, including his half-brother Odo. Dorset branch of the Gray family. Gray instead of Grey is almost universally used in the different branches Most of the lands of the New Forest are poor agricultural lands, and archaeological and geographic studies have shown that it was likely sparsely settled when it was turned into a royal forest. in Bergundy, France. The Grays were in Wales by 1283 when King Edward created new Marcher The period from 1047 to 1054 saw almost continuous warfare, with lesser crises continuing until 1060. The Conquest brought the kingdom into closer contact with France and forged ties between France and England that lasted throughout the Middle Ages. I have probably played with most of them. But after he was killed in February 1071 at the Battle of Cassel, Robert became count. The Bayeux Tapestry has been claimed to show Harold's death by an arrow to the eye, but that may be a later reworking of the tapestry to conform to 12th-century stories in which Harold was slain by an arrow wound to the head. Anschetil de Gray It resulted in a work now known as the Domesday Book. Also, in England, no other coinage was allowed, while on the continent other coinage was considered legal tender. The surname Gray emerged as a notable Scottish family name in the county of Northumberland where they were recorded as a family of great antiquity seated with manor and estates in that shire. Census records every ten years and an occasional mention in a Lordships. Tostig appears to have received little local support, and further raids into Lincolnshire and near the River Humber met with no more success, so he retreated to Scotland, where he remained for a time. Who Were William the Conqueror's Sons? | History Hit Famous Descendants of William the Conqueror of England [65] William's western border was thus secured, but his border with Brittany remained insecure. William The Conqueror Biography - Facts, Childhood, Family Life More difficulties struck in 1083 when William's son Robert rebelled once more with support from the French king. These fortifications allowed Normans to retreat into safety when threatened with rebellion and allowed garrisons to be protected while they occupied the countryside. Life dates 1025-1087. Stigand and his brother, thelmr, the Bishop of Elmham, were deposed from their bishoprics. [50] He was strong enough to draw bows that others were unable to pull and had great stamina. The list below shows descent from William the Conqueror (see Descendants of William I of England for another list). His consolidation of power allowed him to expand his horizons, and he secured control of the neighbouring county of Maine by 1062. During the 17th and 18th centuries, some historians and lawyers saw William's reign as imposing a "Norman yoke" on the native Anglo-Saxons, an argument that continued during the 19th century with further elaborations along nationalistic lines. in the Reign of William the Conqueror, are the Amoreal bearings of Paganus died January 1, 1515. Gray Family History - Brigham Young University up to that time in Plymouth. The fleet carried an invasion force that included, in addition to troops from William's own territories of Normandy and Maine, large numbers of mercenaries, allies, and volunteers from Brittany, northeastern France, and Flanders, together with smaller numbers from other parts of Europe. [112] Roger was a Norman, son of William fitzOsbern, but had inherited less authority than his father held. [2] The legates and the king then proceeded to hold a series of ecclesiastical councils dedicated to reforming and reorganising the English church. Gray, had become proprietors of the island of Nantasket in Boston Harbor [49], There are records of two tutors for William during the late 1030s and early 1040s, but the extent of his literary education is unclear. Robert also married his half-sister Bertha to King Philip I of France, who was opposed to Norman power. Andy Rhind-Tutt claims to have traced his family back to the Saxon . [2] He also relied on the clergy for advice, including Lanfranc, a non-Norman who rose to become one of William's prominent ecclesiastical advisors in the late 1040s and remained so throughout the 1050s and 1060s. [138], William left Normandy to Robert, and the custody of England was given to William's second surviving son, also called William, on the assumption that he would become king. Prescott Sheldon Bush (1895-1972), US Senator. Edward IV married Elizabeth Gray, the widow of Sir John [32], On the death of Hugh of Maine, Geoffrey Martel occupied Maine in a move contested by William and King Henry; eventually, they succeeded in driving Geoffrey from the county, and in the process, William had been able to secure the Bellme family strongholds at Alenon and Domfront for himself. by purchase from the Indians. considered the first casualty of the Revolutionary War. [126], At first, most of the newly settled Normans kept household knights and did not settle their retainers with fiefs of their own, but gradually these household knights came to be granted lands of their own, a process known as subinfeudation. homes in the New World. It was during this exile that Edward offered the throne to William. by George Washington as a privateer during the Revolutionary War. This daughter later married William, lord of, Walter had two daughters. [40] Henry and Geoffrey led another invasion of Normandy in 1057 but were defeated by William at the Battle of Varaville. Henry attempted to dislodge William, but the siege of Thimert dragged on for two years until Henry's death. The French king, seeking a focus for those opposed to William's power, then proposed that Edgar be given the castle of Montreuil-sur-Mer on the Channel, which would have given Edgar a strategic advantage against William. Gray Family of Tiverton, RI - RootsWeb In 1072 William invaded Scotland, defeating Malcolm, who had recently invaded the north of England. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), poet. [77] The last claimant was William of Normandy, against whose anticipated invasion King Harold Godwinson made most of his preparations. According to a late source not generally considered to be reliable, papal sanction was not secured until 1059, but as papal-Norman relations in the 1050s were generally good, and Norman clergy were able to visit Rome in 1050 without incident, it was probably secured earlier. Walcher was killed on 14 May 1080, and the king dispatched his half-brother Odo to deal with the rebellion. [104], In 1071 William defeated the last rebellion of the north. [107][r] Philip, although thwarted in this attempt, turned his attentions to Brittany, leading to a revolt in 1075. Because it's the olden days, people had lots of kids, but to keep things simple this family tree is going to leave out many of them on each branch because not every child matters. [2] Although he put two Normans in overall charge, he retained many of the native English sheriffs. The first of this line [96] Once in Normandy the new English king went to Rouen and the Abbey of Fecamp,[94] and then attended the consecration of new churches at two Norman monasteries. [49] Geoffrey Martel described him as without equal as a fighter and as a horseman. of the duke of Suffolk, with Mary, daughter of Henry VII and the sister In 1402 Owain, Though he spoke a dialect of French and grew up in Normandy, a fiefdom loyal to the French . town report or directory are about all there is. This would have been considered tampering with the king's authority over his vassals, which William would not have tolerated. [45] Contemporary writers considered the marriage, which produced four sons and five or six daughters, to be a success. Thomas were sent to America by relatives who were scheming for the property Edward had no heir, but requested William to be his heir apparent to the throne. [134], William continued the collection of Danegeld, a land tax. Regarding the Grays of Scotland being of the same family, Nesbits says, A descendant or member of the same family became Chamberlain worldwide traders. [77] The Norman fleet finally set sail two days later, landing in England at Pevensey Bay on 28 September. Waltheof, the earl of Northumbria, although one of William's favourites, was also involved, and there were some Breton lords who were ready to rebel in support of Ralph and Roger. [37], In February 1054 the king and the Norman rebels launched a double invasion of the duchy. For the second ruler of Normandy, see. This method of organising the military forces was a departure from the pre-Conquest English practice of basing military service on territorial units such as the hide. Arguing that Edward had previously promised the throne to him and that Harold had sworn to support his claim, William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066. [52] William's main hobby appears to have been hunting. William was able to secure the departure of Sweyn and his fleet in 1070,[103] allowing him to return to the continent to deal with troubles in Maine, where the town of Le Mans had revolted in 1069. [73], Harold's brother Tostig made probing attacks along the southern coast of England in May 1066, landing at the Isle of Wight using a fleet supplied by Baldwin of Flanders. English coins were generally of high silver content, with high artistic standards, and were required to be re-minted every three years. Harold assembled an army and a fleet to repel William's anticipated invasion force, deploying troops and ships along the English Channel for most of the summer. Edgar remained at William's court until 1086 when he went to the. [144] The historian Eleanor Searle describes William's invasion as "a plan that no ruler but a Scandinavian would have considered". Roger was unable to leave his stronghold in Herefordshire because of efforts by Wulfstan, the Bishop of Worcester, and thelwig, the Abbot of Evesham. Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. (1923-1998), astronaut. [27] In early 1047 Henry and William returned to Normandy and were victorious at the Battle of Val-s-Dunes near Caen, although few details of the actual fighting are recorded. in Northumberland. Robert raided into Lothian and forced Malcolm to agree to terms, building a fortification (the 'new castle') at Newcastle upon Tyne while returning to England. The Dorset Grays are of great antiquity, Lord Gray made also a separate entail of his estate, upon which there passed a charter under the great seal, in favours of William master of Gray, * and the heirs-male procreate or to be procreate betwixt him and Anne mistress of Gray, (therein designed daughter and heiress of Andrew . William Gray (1750-1826) What families came over with William the Conqueror? William's son Robert, still allied with the French king, appears to have been active in stirring up trouble, enough so that William led an expedition against the French Vexin in July 1087. Burkes Peerage says: "The family of Gray is of great antiquity A.P. Although William returned to York and built another castle, Edgar remained free, and in the autumn he joined up with King Sweyn. [122] In 1082 William ordered the arrest of his half-brother Odo. After returning to Normandy in 1072, he spent around 130 months in Normandy as against about 40 months in England. William of Poitiers wrote glowingly of William's reign and its benefits, but the obituary notice for William in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle condemns William in harsh terms. In August and September 1079 King Malcolm of Scots raided south of the River Tweed, devastating the land between the River Tees and the Tweed in a raid that lasted almost a month. merchant in Plymouth. One story, deriving from the Vita dwardi, a biography of Edward, claims that he was attended by his wife Edith, Harold, Archbishop Stigand, and Robert FitzWimarc, and that the king named Harold as his successor. In the 1050s and early 1060s, William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor, his first cousin once removed. to that King, receiving possessions in Roufield shire of Roxburgh. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. Wikimedia Commons. [110] However, Edgar was forced to submit to William shortly thereafter, and he returned to William's court. Norsemen first began raiding in what became Normandy in the late 8th century. A further indignity occurred when the corpse was lowered into the tomb. Biography Norman King; known as William the Bastard; Duke of Normandy as William II (1035-1087); King of England as William I (1066-1087). This income was collected by the chamber, one of the household departments. As King Edward's heir, he controlled all of the former royal lands. The ceremony took place in Westminster. de Gray, who was in high favor with King Richard I and King John. and lordships in the counties of Oxford and Buckingham. [2], There are indications that Robert may have been briefly betrothed to a daughter of King Cnut, but no marriage took place. Edgar the theling also appears to have been given lands. Although Orderic Vitalis describes it as starting with a quarrel between Robert and his two younger brothers, William and Henry, including a story that the quarrel was started when William and Henry threw water at Robert, it is much more likely that Robert was feeling powerless. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states that it was a military campaign, but Welsh sources record it as a pilgrimage to St Davids in honour of Saint David. He left his half-brother Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux, in charge of England along with another influential supporter, William fitzOsbern, the son of his former guardian. Since then they have repeatedly distinguished in the United States. a Welch leader, was having a dispute with another Reginald de Grey, and His daughter, Arlotta, is said to have been the mother of William the Conqueror. Harold stopped in London, and was there for about a week before marching to Hastings, so it is likely that he spent about a week on his march south, averaging about 27 miles (43 kilometres) per day,[81] for the distance of approximately 200 miles (320 kilometres). The Gray family in America is numerous, widespread and consists of many in Harrow-on-the-Hill church records there is a John Gray baptized February This WWW page was copied from With a swift campaign, William seized Le Mans from Fulk's forces, completing the campaign by 30 March 1073. There are those like Captain told him what kind of work he could do "in language that can't be William was crowned King of England on December 25, 1066. Learn about the history of this surname and heraldry from our database and online image library. followed by that of her father, the Duke of Suffolk, and his brothers, William then sent forces into London to construct a castle; he was crowned at Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. William The Conqueror Family Tree To Present Day Check All Members List [106], William returned to England to release his army from service in 1073 but quickly returned to Normandy, where he spent all of 1074. [119] The king was at Gloucester for Christmas 1080 and at Winchester for Whitsun in 1081, ceremonially wearing his crown on both occasions. William also benefited from his campaign in Brittany by securing the support of some Breton nobles who went on to support the invasion of England in 1066. Usually, this was a member of William's close family frequently his half-brother Odo or his wife Matilda. William I | Biography, Reign, Achievements, Facts, & Death It was a fairly simple administrative system, built around the ducal household,[53] which consisted of a group of officers including stewards, butlers, and marshals. They were John, Elizabeth, Edward, Sarah, Thomas and Rebecca. Earlier dukes had been illegitimate, and William's association with his father on ducal charters appears to indicate that William was considered Robert's most likely heir. After further military efforts, William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066, in London. [9] Herleva was possibly a member of the ducal household, but did not marry Robert. The exact reasons are unclear, as no contemporary author recorded what caused the quarrel between the half-brothers. He did not try to integrate his domains into one empire but continued to administer each part separately. Stigand submitted to William there, and when the duke moved on to Berkhamsted soon afterwards, Edgar the theling, Morcar, Edwin, and Ealdred also submitted. [22] Yet another guardian, Osbern, was slain in the early 1040s in William's chamber while the duke slept. From there, he ravaged the interior and waited for Harold's return from the north, refusing to venture far from the sea, his line of communication with Normandy. This made Emma of Normandy his great-aunt and Edward the Confessor his cousin. The union was arranged in 1049, but Pope Leo IX forbade the marriage at the Council of Rheims in October 1049. Following his arrival back on the continent he married his daughter Constance to Duke Alan of Brittany, in furtherance of his policy of seeking allies against the French kings.