"In the case of a chemical reaction, you're transforming only about a millionth of the mass of the object of the molecule into energy,"Professor Doser says. Particles of both antimatter and matter were created. The reality is that. Currently we use fusion not antimatter, however whereas fusion only converts 1% of the fuels mass energy into thrust, antimatter can convert 40%. For that you can recreate the meteor that made the dinosaurs extinct (100 trillion tons of TNT) with about two tons of antimatter in one spot. Will Antimatter Destroy the World? | Live Science thanks for the detailed answer! "So this is by far the most energetic process that you can think of.". The estimated energy at impact when the largest fragment of, Estimates in 2010 show that the kinetic energy of the. Antimatter: how the worlds most expensive and explosive substance is made, Catch up with The Loop, your quick wrap of this morning's news. Antimatter would do the same. "Bananas are a perfect unit for antimatter production. Anti Matter Energy Calculator. They did it by creating a magnetic bottle called a Minimum Magnetic Field Trap. [10], Such differences can be substantial. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. It only takes a minute to sign up. How does that last equation (rolled back for the time being; see revision history) work out? Or would it be similar to a Fat Man Bomb? This international scientific institution in Switzerland is home to the Large Hadron Collider, and it regularly exposes the hidden particles that make up our universe. The OP wanted it all in one bomb, so I told him his bomb must release at least that much energy. radiation - Antimatter bomb - Physics Stack Exchange As of now an antimatter bomb, large enough to cause any damage, wont be made because its just so expensive to make. Take a proton (a charged subatomic particle) 2. CAUTION Both antimatter and matter were created after the big bang, and the universe should be made up of 50% matter, and 50% antimatter. Then her family intervened, Celebrities arrive at the Met Gala for fashion's biggest night, A year ago, this Australian couple fled Ukraine with their three cats. We have a mole of atoms in a gram, or a total energy release of (2 GeV)(6 x 10^23)(1.6 x 10^-19 J/eV) = 2 x 10^14 J, or 200 terajoules. What if I had a gram? The NIAC is currently researching antimatter powered spaceships, and according to NASA it looks promising. Electron + positron = 2 * gamma going opposite directions and having nearly the same energy of electron + positron mass-energies. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. religious interview questions and answers sharleen spiteri ashley heath . But I mean, I'm leaning towards Star Trek being somewhat more accurate, they gloss over how Warp Drive works in the Original Series, but by the time The Next Generation came about in 1987 they explained how Warp Drive works, and then we had a working theory on the Alcubierre Drive by 1994. And the final is that it might help us solve a fairly enormous cosmic conundrum: why the material universe exists. Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. Back To Anycalculator.com 2014 The Institute of Makers of Explosives. "Kiloton" redirects here. For TNT this has been accurately measured as 4686J/g from a large sample of air blast experiments, and theoretically calculated to be 4853J/g. MathJax reference. We must use a bigger bomb. How much energy is released? - Worldbuilding Stack Exchange But it's really not that big of an explosion. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. Which was the first Sci-Fi story to predict obnoxious "robo calls"? The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184gigajoules (1gigacalorie),[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. For scenario 1, you'd probably be able to get by with even less just tens of grains per person, targeted at the brain would be enough to cause embolisms. Antimatter weapons are currently too costly and unreliable to be viable in warfare, as producing antimatter is enormously expensive (estimated at $6 billion for every 100 nanograms), the quantities of antimatter generated are very small, and current technology has great difficulty containing antimatter, which annihilates upon touching ordinary matter. The "kiloton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 terajoules (4.1841012J). If you really need to do this on the cheap, a 400 km asteroid is really quite a bit of overkill and a 100 km asteroid is probably enough to kill all animal life big enough to be interesting to most people although it may not completely sterilize the earth, and your only need 1 metric ton to target earth. I mean, in Star Trek, they use Matter/Antimatter reactions to power their starships, it's pretty powerful. The blast radius becomes a critical parameter in such scenarios. Therefore, just by doubling the distance, you'll be shielding yourself from significant exposure. But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. The energy released by a hurricane per day during condensation. NASA have actually started planning to use antimatter spaceships to go to space. To create antimatter you just need to create matter. The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate an antiquark, producing a gluon that then gets involved in messy hadronization leaving a bunch of mesons (pions and kaons) that then careen away and decay into muons, electrons/positrons, gammas, and neutrinos. On the other hand, one milligram of 18F-FDG will contain on the order of 3x10^18 molecules. But in Star Trek Generations, the Enterprise D is destroyed (or at least the Star Drive Section) in a massive explosion when they lose antimatter containment, and it has 3,000 m of antimatter storage. "Perhaps, just under four billion years ago, the Earth could have been hit by asteroids up to 400 kilometers across, forty times bigger than the one that is supposed to have been responsible for the K/T extinctions. This makes it incredibly hard to store antimatter. Some humans would probably survive this, though. (Note that this is not creation out of nothing, but rather the conversion of pre-existing energy into matter.) So if correct the answer would answer question number 3, but questions number 1 and 2 are left unanswered. At the moment of the Big Bang, all the energy of the Universe was concentrated and exploded. E = mc^2 Each gram of antimatter will release roughly twice as much energy as the Hiroshima bomb. What would happen if we detonated an antimatter bomb on Earth? Now we need to know how this works in tons. Safety, Health & Environmental Affairs Committee, Transportation, Distribution & Security Committee. The total power of aluminized mixtures strictly depends on the condition of explosions. The Truth about Angels, Demons and Antimatter | Live Science The explosive energy of a quantity of TNT of the. This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 04:10. rev2023.5.1.43405. The relative effectiveness factor (RE factor) relates an explosive's demolition power to that of TNT, in units of the TNT equivalent/kg (TNTe/kg). It only takes a minute to sign up. How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans The blast radius is the distance up to which the explosion will have an effect. So far, all the antimatter created in all the particle accelerators on Earth wouldn't be enough to boil a cup of water. Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? No country has considered it worth it to make one, and even the richest businessmen in the world dont have the funds to build one. One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. Supposing we had one antimatter bomb, how much antimatter would we need in order to completely blow up the Earth into millions of pieces. The Antimatter Bomb: Only Weapon More Powerful Than A Nuke The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. This bomb was only 50 megatons. So yeah, how much antimatter would it take to level a house? In other words, beyond this distance, one can assume there would be fewer or no fragments flying. Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive. But that would miss all the boats, planes and submarines crowding their primitive buoyancy based transportation lanes. (Some say that this was adapted into the show based on people who knew Miguel Alcubierre and they put his unpunished theories into the show, but I don't think this was ever confirmed), But there are volumes of Star Trek Tech manuals that base other things "kind of" around science, or at least attempt to, like the Heisenberg Compensation in the Transporters. Indiana Jones level kill you immediately radiation dosage is about 100000 rads, so that's about 290,000 kg of antiprotons spread out evenly. ", National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, "How much energy does an earthquake release? Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? Still a big bang. $<< 10^{32}J$ (gravitational binding energy of Earth), We must use an even bigger bomb. Instead of exploding, it sputters and fumes and splits into pieces and generally makes a mess. The height of the fireball was over seven times the height of Everest. The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate . In our case, we're taking the mass of earth plus the mass of the antimatter planet. Simple? I mean, in the book I read, they had an antimatter device that you could hold in your hand and it would have destroyed I believe the entire Vatican City. The time of interaction is very short. The approximate radiant heat energy released during 3-phase, 600V, 100kA, Conventional bombs yield from less than one ton to, A real 0.454-kiloton-of-TNT (1.90TJ) charge at. The TNT equivalent appears in various nuclear weapon control treaties, and has been used to characterize the energy released in asteroid impacts. Gas-expansion and pressure-change effects tend to "freeze" the burn rapidly. For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphusone of these objects happens to fit the bill as it is probably over 8 km diameter (close enough for our imagination) and currently scheduled to pass about 17 million km from the earth on Nov 24, 2071. But because this claim is not based on any empirical science, its never been anything more than pure speculation. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? Photons are bundles of electromagnetic energy. The team hasn't found any other meaningful differences between matter and antimatter. Antimatter: Most Expensive Substance on Earth - Science to go Sufficiently big detonations can presumably force a bit of fusion, but it is unlikely to be self-sustaining on its own without confinement. But the point is: antimatter is the opposite of matter. (On a much bigger scale to be sure -- it's not a good thing to have around the neighborhood.). Shock waves None. There are two surefire ways. There is no nuclear bomb that comes close to the power this bomb would have. Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! Antimatter Fuel - Atomic Rockets This is generally ignoring the radiation effect of all the gamma rays, that might change the maths. Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. 1 megaton is about 4.2x10 15 J. . When groups of people are asked to name the most expensive substance, the variety of answers is hilarious. A gram of antimatter could produce an explosion the size of a nuclear bomb. The gammas then scatter of air molecules, transferring the energy into heat. Would it be similarly anti-climactic? I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. "We want to study it to see why it's not here anymore and why the Universe isn't just empty.". By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. You get high-energy (~100 MeV) gammas, medium-energy (e.g., 511 keV) gammas, pions, muons, and neutrinos. Comparing with nuclear weapons, this is about 50 kton TNT. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Big Bang scientists have been hoping to find some physics loopholesome tiny difference between matter and antimatterthat would allow more matter than antimatter to be produced shortly after the Big Bang, but so far they have been unsuccessful. A quarter of a gram of antimatter threatens to unleash the power of 5,000 tons of TNT and destroy everything within a half-mile radius - or so goes the fictional story. which is equivalent to Quora - A place to share knowledge and better understand the world Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. ", "Beirut Blast: How does yield of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate compare against Halifax explosion, Hiroshima bombing? Use this specific gravity calculator to find the specific gravity of different materials and see whether they will float or sink. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads. Check the revision history; if it's appropriate, feel free to roll back my roll back! Are Neutrons and anti-Neutrons attracted to each other over distance? Would it be imperceptible? Also your question only speaks about blowing up a planet completely, whereas my questions number 1 and 2 only speak about killing all humans and all animals respectively which is very different (your question very clearly states near the end "I dont just want to destroy all life on the surface, I want to reduce the entire planet to rubble so that very little remains"). Antimatter: how the world's most expensive and explosive - ABC When antimatter collides with matter it can end up creating the largest explosion in human history. Everyone knows biking is fantastic, but only this Car vs. Bike Calculator turns biking hours into trees! and our When a collision between a particle and its opposing antiparticle collide, both of them are annihilated which causes a massive release of energy, otherwise known as an explosion. The recipethey use at CERN's Antimatter Factory to achieve this feat is: One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. In other words, antimatter planets, antimatter stars or antimatter galaxies could be a thing. Answer (1 of 6): Let's assume a gram of antihydrogen, which would release about 2 GeV per annihilation. Can antimatter projectiles work as disintegration weapons? Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003: 88. Source: Ian Goddard and Cockell, Charles S. Impossible Extinction. This is one of the more common types of "TNT equivalence" and is the one used on USGS form 9-4040A. The asteroid belt just happens to contain a 400 km asteroid built to order, 10 Hygiea Plugging in the numbers (assuming a 17 km/sec impact) you get somewhat more than 1E28 joules, a rather significant savings compared the the gravitational potential of the earth, but still a lot of antimatter just to destroy it with a single bomb, roughly 6E10 kg of antimatter. The stand-off distance is: The Hopkinson-Cranz equation is useful for estimating safety distances for explosives. This gives us an energy of around 3.6x10 23 J. How Antimatter Spacecraft Will Work | HowStuffWorks 1 gram of TNT = 700 calories = 700*4.1868 joules. A blast wave unleashes a large amount of energy that causes changes in pressure and temperature along its path. $> 10^{32}J$. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. ', referring to the nuclear power plant in Ignalina, mean? The latter's decay chains include neutrinos, which of course, carry energy away harmlessly. All of the other answers here are super overkill for this. Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. The term "TNT equivalence" is a normalization technique for equating properties of an explosive to TNT, the standard. What Is Antimatter? | Wonderopolis To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. So not only would they be more powerful than nukes, but also more likely to be used on people. For a period of time after the Big Bang there was only energy. We know from the show that they use Deuterium and Anti-Deuterium, so not a "complex" element compared to say, using Uranium and Anti-Uranium. Many people have proposed that we disarm all nuclear weapons to make the world safer. One of the scariest things about the antimatter bomb is that the effects of it arent as long lasting as a nuclear bomb. Con: You need a lotta bombs. "So we actually need infrastructure like at CERN, accelerators that will produce enough energy locally in a very small spot to produce pairs of an antiproton and a proton.". The problem lies in the efficiency and cost of antimatter production and storage. If you want to kill all humans on earth, you have a couple of options: According to this person 57 trillion annihilations at 30 cm gives you 1 rad of radiation. The total energy output of the Sun per second. Unconventional Rocket Drives - Antimatter Propulsion Hence why I'm thinking they may have tried to say "Nope, 3,000m of Antimatter would really only be an explosion this big" as opposed to "Something as big as your hand would utterly level half of Rome" which is significantly smaller than 3,000m. By Snell's law, determine the incident angle by using our angle of incidence calculator. He says an alternative hypothesis is that we're living in a part of the Universe filled with matter but other parts might be full of antimatter. nuclear physics - Would a matter-antimatter explosion cause fallout Cookie Notice Why do you say "pure gamma"? Current technology only allows us to store small amounts of antimatter in each Penning trap. The main hurdles are the production and storage of large amounts of antimatter. A city entirely? No, the only way to be sure is to be thorough. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules (or 4184 joules) of energy are released. Using PETN, engineers would need 1.0/1.66 (or 0.60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1kg of TNT. However, the mean free path is so short at ambient pressure that they will react before going far (doing it in the upper atmosphere might produce a much larger and fuzzier fireball). Calculating a single RE factor for an explosive is, however, impossible. A Tsar Bomb? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? NASA - New and Improved Antimatter Spaceship for Mars Missions What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? Divide the energy put out by this annihilation and we get $\Delta K = 14000$. A positron powered spaceship would be simpler, and less dangerous than say a nuclear powered spaceship which comes with a lot more complications. $10^{32}J$ is simply the gravitational binding energy of the planet. From some rough calculations with 10g of anti hydrogen, I came out at roughly a gigatonne of TNT's worth of energy - 1.2x10^22J. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. Scale that over the entire planet and you get 2.9 kg of antielectrons. Approximately 10 grams of antiprotons would be enough fuel to send a manned spacecraft to Mars in one month. (W/W) = (R/R). TNT Calculator - IME $361,000,000 km^2$ to cover, you'd need another 3,009 MIEVs. Both humans and bananas only produce a tiny amount of antimatter, which is why we havent all been destroyed. Antihydrogen cannot be trapped using magnets as it doesnt have an electric charge. Assuming perfect accuracy and a teleporter? Anti-matter Energy Calculator You have to give Big Bang scientists credit for their tenacity. How many thermonuclear bombs needed to make a hole from the surface to the Mantle of a planet that is the same size as planet Earth? The storage rings on the spacecraft will hold the antimatter. ", "Mount St. Helens -- From the 1980 Eruption to 2000, Fact Sheet 036-00", "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Energy and Broadband Solution: OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA", Currently deployed U.S. nuclear weapon yields, Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons, "Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements", "The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883", "Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance", "Global nuclear weapons: downsizing but modernizing", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "Minimize Harm and Security Risks of Nuclear Energy", "Hurricane FAQ NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "Tambora 1815: Just How Big Was The Eruption? How much energy would be released in a collision of planets of matter & antimatter? The second is that CERN is interested infundamental research understanding things without knowing how this knowledge could be applied. You might still miss a submarine or two, but without space launch capabilities, zero industrial capacity, and an all-male crew, you're set anyway. Antimatter was successfully stored for the first time in 2010.
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